Its stability was diminished by a coup d'état in 1999, then two civil wars-first between 20 and again during 2010–2011. Relatively stable by regional standards, Ivory Coast established close political-economic ties with its West African neighbours while maintaining close relations with the West, especially France. It achieved independence in 1960, led by Félix Houphouët-Boigny, who ruled the country until 1993. The area became a protectorate of France in 1843 and was consolidated as a French colony in 1893 amid the European Scramble for Africa. The country has a religiously diverse population, including numerous followers of Christianity, Islam and indigenous faiths such as Animism.īefore its colonization by Europeans, Ivory Coast was home to several states, including Gyaaman, the Kong Empire, and Baoulé. In total, there are around 78 different languages spoken in Ivory Coast. Its official language is French, and indigenous languages are also widely used, including Bété, Baoulé, Dioula, Dan, Anyin, and Cebaara Senufo. It borders Guinea to the northwest, Liberia to the west, Mali to the northwest, Burkina Faso to the northeast, Ghana to the east, and the Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean) to the south. Its capital is Yamoussoukro, in the centre of the country, while its largest city and economic centre is the port city of Abidjan. Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire, officially the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa.
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